Commonly used servers
An application server is a server that provides software applications with services such as security, data services, transaction support, load balancing, and management of large distributed systems. The term is often used for web servers that support the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, however its use isn't restricted to java.
Application Server Architecture
A database server is a computer program that provides database services to other computer programs or computers, as defined by the client–server model. The term may also refer to a computer dedicated to running such a program.Database management systems frequently provide database server functionality, and some DBMSs (e.g., MySQL) rely exclusively on the client–server model for database access.
Such a server is accessed either through a "front end" running on the user’s computer which displays requested data or the "back end" which runs on the server and handles tasks such as data analysis and storage.
In a master-slave model, database master servers are central and primary locations of data while database slave servers are synchronized backups of the master acting as proxies.
Some examples of proprietary database servers are Oracle, DB2, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. Examples of GNU General Public Licence database servers are Ingres and MySQL. Every server uses its own query logic and structure. The SQL query language is more or less the same in all the database servers.
Such a server is accessed either through a "front end" running on the user’s computer which displays requested data or the "back end" which runs on the server and handles tasks such as data analysis and storage.
In a master-slave model, database master servers are central and primary locations of data while database slave servers are synchronized backups of the master acting as proxies.
Some examples of proprietary database servers are Oracle, DB2, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. Examples of GNU General Public Licence database servers are Ingres and MySQL. Every server uses its own query logic and structure. The SQL query language is more or less the same in all the database servers.
Database Server Architecture
A print server, or printer server, is a device that connects printers to client computers over a network. It accepts print jobs from the computers and send the jobs to the appropriate printers.
Print servers may support a variety of industry-standard or proprietary printing protocols including Internet Printing Protocol, Line Printer Daemon protocol, Microsoft Network Printing protocol, NetWare, NetBIOS/NetBEUI, or JetDirect.
A print server may be a networked computer with one or more shared printers. Alternatively a print server may be a dedicated device on the network, with connections to the LAN and one or more printers. Dedicated server appliances tend to be fairly simple in both configuration and features. Print server functionality may be integrated with other devices such as a wireless router, a firewall, or both.[1] A printer may have a built-in print server.
Web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver Web content that can be accessed through the Internet.[1]
The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running enterprise applications
The primary function of a web server is to deliver web pages on the request to clients using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts.
A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so. The resource is typically a real file on the server's secondary storage, but this is not necessarily the case and depends on how the web server is implemented
Web Server Architecture
Name server or DNS server
A name server is a computer server that hosts a network service for providing responses to queries against a directory service. It maps a human-recognizable identifier to a system-internal, often numeric, identification or addressing component. This service is performed by the server according to a network service protocol.
Examples of name servers is the Domain Name System (DNS), one of the two principal name spaces of the Internet. The most important function of these DNS servers is the translation (resolution) of human-memorable domain names and hostname into the corresponding numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, the second principal Internet name space which is used to identify and locate computer systems and resources on the Internet
The Internet maintains two principal namespaces: the domain name hierarchy[2] and the Internet Protocol (IP) address system.[3] The Domain Name System maintains the domain namespace and provides translation services between these two namespaces. Internet name servers implement the Domain Name System.[4] A DNS name server is a server that stores the DNS records, such as address (A, AAAA) records, name server (NS) records, and mail exchanger (MX) records for a domain name (see also List of DNS record types) and responds with answers to queries against its database.
DNS server architecture
A fax server is a system installed in a local area network (LAN) server that allows computer users whose computers are attached to the LAN to send and receive fax messages.
File server
Alternatively the term fax server is sometimes used to describe a program that enables a computer to send and receive fax messages,[2] set of software running on a server computer which is equipped with one or more fax-capable modems (or dedicated fax boards) attached to telephone lines or, more recently, software modem emulators which use T.38 ("Fax over IP") technology to transmit the signal over an IP network. Its function is to accept documents from users, convert them into faxes, and transmit them, as well as to receive fax calls and either store the incoming documents or pass them on to users. Users may communicate with the server in several ways, through either a local network or the Internet. In a big organization with heavy fax traffic, the computer hosting the fax server may be dedicated to that function, in which case the computer itself may also be known as a fax server.
Fax Server Architecture
A file server is a computer attached to a network that has the primary purpose of providing a location for shared disk access, i.e. shared storage of computer files (such as documents, sound files, photographs, movies, images, databases, etc.) that can be accessed by the workstations that are attached to the same computer network. The term server highlights the role of the machine in the client–server scheme, where the clients are the workstations using the storage. A file server is not intended to perform computational tasks, and does not run programs on behalf of its clients. It is designed primarily to enable the storage and retrieval of data while the computation is carried out by the workstations.
File servers are commonly found in schools and offices, where users use a LAN to connect their client computers.
A file server may be dedicated or non-dedicated. A dedicated server is designed specifically for use as a file server, with workstations attached for reading and writing files and databases.
File servers may also be categorized by the method of access: Internet file servers are frequently accessed by File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or by HTTP (but are different from web servers, that often provide dynamic web content in addition to static files). Servers on a LAN are usually accessed by SMB/CIFS protocol (Windows and Unix-like) or NFS protocol (Unix-like systems).
Database servers, that provide access to a shared database via a database device driver, are not regarded as file servers.
File Server Architecture
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